From Numbers to Names: A New Onomastic Approach to Stone Age Skeletons

The iceman's reconstruction by Alfons & Adrie Kennis

The question of whether researchers should give names to skeletons and mummies from the Stone Age is both fascinating and complex, touching upon scientific, ethical, and cultural considerations. According to the article "Ötzi und Hauna: Ein linguistisches Modell zur Namengebung bei ur- und frühgeschichtlichen Menschenfunden" written by Christina
Sanchez-Stockhammer (Professor of English and Digital Linguistics at Chemnitz University of Technology), Philipp W. Stockhammer (Professor for Prehistoric Archaeology at Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University) and Kerstin P. Hofmann (Director of the Romano-Germanic Commission in Frankfurt/Main), this issue has been explored in depth, especially through surveys and the development of models for generating names for prehistoric human remains.

In archaeological research, human remains are often treated like any other object, identified primarily by inventory numbers, locations, and codes. However, the article suggests that there is a growing interest in assigning names to these ancient individuals, which brings about several advantages and potential drawbacks.

The Case for Naming Stone Age Skeletons and Mummies

Musee du Louvre in Paris

One of the primary arguments in favor of naming Stone Age skeletons and mummies is that it humanizes these ancient individuals. Instead of being referred to as objects or mere numbers, giving a name fosters a connection between modern people and these prehistoric humans. As the article notes, names such as "Ötzi" or "Lucy" have created powerful emotional links, allowing the public to relate to these ancient figures on a personal level. The practice of naming also makes it easier for people to remember and discuss specific finds, as numbers can be impersonal and forgettable.

Names can also transform public perception. The example of Ötzi, the famous iceman found in the Alps, demonstrates this well. Initially referred to as "the man from the ice," the adoption of the name Ötzi shifted the public's perception from viewing him as just an archaeological find to seeing him as a person with a story. This change in naming practice can have a significant impact on public engagement with prehistoric findings, driving media attention and aiding museum marketing efforts.

Ethical Considerations

On the other hand, the article points out that there are ethical considerations in naming prehistoric skeletons and mummies. Some archaeologists argue that it might be disrespectful to assign modern names to individuals who lived thousands of years ago, whose original names and cultural contexts are unknown. Additionally, there are concerns that naming could trivialize or commercialize these ancient remains, reducing them to mere objects of curiosity.

The survey cited in the article reveals a split in opinion between archaeologists and linguists. While many archaeologists express concerns about the appropriateness of naming these ancient individuals, linguists tend to be more open to the idea. The public, however, generally favors giving names, finding the current system of numbering too impersonal.

A Balanced Approach

The researchers behind the article propose a balanced approach: developing a systematic model for generating names based on the location of the find. For instance, taking the first syllable of a site name and combining it with appropriate name suffixes (e.g., "Hauna" from Haunstetten). This method aims to create names that are respectful, culturally neutral, and meaningful, allowing for both personalization and preservation of archaeological integrity.

Additionally, the article suggests that names should be carefully chosen to avoid associations with modern cultures or concepts that could be seen as disrespectful. For example, using diminutive suffixes, which might trivialize the remains, should be avoided. The goal is to strike a balance between humanizing these remains and maintaining respect for their ancient origins.

Conclusion

Whether or not to give names to Stone Age skeletons and mummies is a nuanced debate. While naming can foster a deeper connection with the public and help preserve the memory of these ancient individuals, it is essential to approach this practice with sensitivity. A model that generates respectful, culturally appropriate names based on the find's location may offer a solution that honors both scientific and ethical considerations. As the article suggests, naming can offer a way to humanize the distant past, but only if done with care and respect for the individuals and their cultures.